History has a warning for the new Democratic majority

US Senators-elect Annie Andrews, James Talarico, and Troy Jackson — all Democrats — walk through the US Capitol as they arrive for new member orientation meetings on November 9, 2026. | Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images

This story appeared in Today, Explained, a daily newsletter that helps you understand the most compelling news and stories of the day. Subscribe here.

We’re a week past the midterms now and the dust has largely settled. Sure, you still have some uncalled House races in a handful of states, and we’re still waiting with bated breath to meet the next senators from Mississippi and Alaska.

But even without those final numbers, we can say a couple things for sure: First, last week’s blue wave was the largest in more than 50 years. And second, Democrats’ real work has only just begun.

This week, the incoming members of Congress — roughly seven weeks out from their official debut — are in Washington, DC, to set up their offices and meet their new coworkers. Democrats still have to choose new leaders or stick with their old ones. And once they’ve reached some sort of consensus on that, they’ll start to confront the final boss: President Donald Trump. 

“They’re in control, but they’re really not in control,” Trump told Fox News last week, of the Democrats’ prospects in a split government. “Because they can send over, you know, 50 different great bills that they’re all excited about and I send them back with a nice stamp.”

Fortunately, amid all this jockeying and post-election euphoria, we do have some precedent to fall back on. After all, this blue wave was historically big — but not totally unheard-of. Midterm elections also ushered in huge partisan majorities in the early 1970s and 1990s. And that history suggests that Democrats have won a chance…not a guarantee.

Go a little deeper

You have to go back to the Watergate era to find a blue wave as big as last week’s. The year was 1974, the vibes were alternatingly grim and groovy, and American voters were looking for change after the scandals of Richard Nixon’s presidency. 

Democrats already controlled the House and the Senate, but that year’s midterms ushered in a class of even younger and more liberal lawmakers. And these so-called  Watergate babies came to play: They helped extend a run of post-Watergate reforms that opened up congressional proceedings, required financial disclosures from senior officials, and strengthened oversight of federal agencies.

But 52 years later, the 1974 blue wave isn’t exactly remembered as an unrivaled success — for the Dems or for democracy. Ronald Reagan became president just six years later, and both he and other presidents since have weakened the reforms of the mid-’70s.

The push to make government more transparent — by inviting television cameras into hearings, for example — also arguably made Congress a more polarized and confrontational place as lawmakers were newly incentivized to be less candid, more performative, and more rigid in their ideology. 

Other, more conservative waves have also run up against the limits of congressional power. The political scientist Robert A. Strong points to Newt Gingrich’s 1994 “revolution,” which ended four decades of Democratic House control.

But that Republican sweep, far from delivering Gingrich’s vision of a dramatically smaller government in one fell swoop, triggered bitter confrontations with President Bill Clinton, including debt-ceiling standoffs and government shutdowns. When major legislation did become law, it required compromise: A sweeping welfare overhaul only passed after Clinton vetoed prior versions twice. 

In some ways, these challenges are fairly intuitive. Even when one party controls the White House and both chambers of Congress, it still has to reconcile competing factions and navigate procedural hurdles in the Senate. And when control of those branches is split between parties, as it will be soon, you end up with even bigger obstacles — like a veto-happy president. 

Given that, Democratic voters might want to temper their expectations just a little. As my colleague Andrew Prokop laid out earlier this month, Democratic bills will — even in this new, blue environment — likely only pass through compromise or fierce confrontation. 

Making electoral history is one thing, as history itself shows. But making legislative history is an altogether tougher proposition.

One link for later

➨ Reconsider convenience. “Friction-maxxing” is all the rage these days, and while I don’t endorse hassle for its own sake…it’s certainly wise to scrutinize the trade-offs of any new time-saving technology. Gabe Bullard, the author of the new book Against Convenience, suggests the following prompts: What does this tool save me? What does it cost me? And what problem does it solve?

Before you go…

• Did you know…that the word “computer” originally described people? Before they were machines, computers were workers (often, women) who completed tedious mathematical programs by hand or on analog calculators. 
• Today’s trivia: The singer Leontyne Price is renowned for her work in which musical genre? (You can find this and other brain puzzles in Vox’s daily crossword. Look for the answer in tomorrow’s edition.)
• Yesterday’s trivia: Yesterday we asked you for the botanist supervillain in Batman. That would be Poison Ivy, who first debuted 60 years ago in 1966.